• Line Follower

Line follower Robot is a machine which follows a line, either a black line or white line. Basically there are two types of line follower robots: one is black line follower which follows black line and second is white line follower which follows white line. Line follower actually senses the line and run over it.

Picture  1 Linefollower Robots

 

• Concept Sensor of Linefollower Robot

Concept of working of line follower is related to light. We use here the behavior of light at black and white surface. When light fall on a white surface it is almost full reflected and in case of black surface light is completely absorbed. This behavior of light is used in building a line follower robot.

Picture  2 Concept Sensor of Linefollower

In this arduino based line follower robot we have used IR Transmitters and IR receivers also called photo diodes. They are used for sending and receiving light. IR transmits infrared lights. When infrared rays falls on white surface, it’s reflected back and catched by photodiodes which generates some voltage changes. When IR light falls on a black surface, light is absorb by the black surface and no rays are reflected back, thus photo diode does not receive any light or rays.

 

• Driver motor section

Driver section consists motor driver and two DC motors. Motor driver is used for driving motors because arduino does not supply enough voltage and current to motor. So we add a motor driver circuit to get enough voltage and current for motor. Arduino sends commands to this motor driver and then it drive motors.

Picture  3 Driver motor H-Bridge

 

Here in this project we are using two IR sensor modules namely left sensor and right sensor. When both left and right sensor senses white then robot move forward.

Picture  4 linefollower moving forward

If left sensor comes on black line then robot turn left side.

Picture  5 linefollower turn left side

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

If right sensor sense black line then robot turn right side until both sensor comes at white surface. When white surface comes robot starts moving on forward again.

 

Picture  7 linefollower turn right side